The pharmaceutical industry is beginning to adopt continuous manufacturing. Continuous crystallization also tends to yield lower impurity inclusion in the products due to lower accumulation of impurity in the mother liquor by continuous fresh feed addition. Additionally, using a recycle, it is feasible to achieve higher yields in continuous processes. While batch processes can demonstrate significant batch-to-batch variability in product quality, continuous crystallization processes tend to give the continuously created crystals the same process experience, irrespective of their time in production, and therefore are potentially more consistent. Continuous crystallization processes need smaller process equipment leading to substantial reduction in capital and operating costs. The advantage of continuous crystallization led other industries to employ the technology on the manufacturing scale. The performance of continuous crystallization processes and challenges with process kinetics and control (such as seeding, mixing, and process dynamics) are also addressed in this chapter.Ĭontinuous crystallization has been a common process in the fine chemicals and petrochemical industries for decades. The primary and secondary nucleation, and some methods of nuclei generation in continuous crystallization are discussed in this chapter. The classic crystallization phenomena, fundamental, thermodynamic or kinetic driven, will not be covered here.

1-50ĬHAPTER 1 Nucleation and Crystal Growth in Continuous Crystallization †ĮPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Continuous Manufacturing and Crystallisation, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.ĭepartment of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA.Į-mail: chapter discusses the fundamental aspects of nucleation and particle formation in the continuous crystallization context, with a main focus on nucleation and crystal growth.

Sefcik, CHAPTER 1:Nucleation and Crystal Growth in Continuous Crystallization †, in The Handbook of Continuous Crystallization, 2020, pp.

Theory for orifice plate lab report